Equipment off Human Nutrition, Department from Eating Technology and you will Individual Nutrition, Agricultural University regarding Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.Meters.); (V.B.); (Good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Inclusion
Beverages on types of beverage, coffees, whole milk, juice, sodas, diet drinks, energy drinks and you can alcohol are available in a massive and you can broadening quantity of alternatives. Diversity touches style tastes, health requirements, and you will existence requires, incase some drinks come, it’s prone to visited euhydration .
Products lead around twenty five%–50% out of intake of water [dos,step three,4], hence he could be essential meeting every single day drinking water need and having euhydration. Hydration has been of the fix regarding normal real and intellectual features .
But not, it’s been argued you to drinks contribute significantly on the broadening carrying excess fat cost in the world [six,7], mainly because of their time content [8,9,10]. In certain knowledge, Glucose Sweetened Beverages (SSB) consumption has been from the putting on weight in children and people , when you find yourself proof one to decreasing SSBs will decrease the danger of being obese and related problems such type 2 diabetes might have been viewed as powerful . Opportunity intake regarding beverages has grown considerably for the past 40 many years from the approximately 222 fat for each and every people everyday .
Nevertheless, drinks regarding the various categories don’t contribute similarly to times consumption . The energy blogs of one’s drink and use patterns may indicate if not, we.e., particular caloric drinks are ate barely thus adding hardly any in order to each day opportunity intake. It’s been argued you to substitution sweetened caloric beverages which have liquid can help lose full times consumption in fat customers . However, consumption of sweetened caloric beverages is actually an intricate matter which can be viewed outside the caloric sum and in new context off diet designs .
Moreover, in addition to help you restaurants usage, some situations particularly seasonality, physical activity profile and sex may affect this new diversity within the drink solutions and you may sum to total time consumption. Such products have not been totally examined; then degree in this field often clarify the present day matter-of time intake out-of diet supply and you may out of beverages in particular.
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Inside the an earlier investigation used for the Greece, utilizing the Water Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, i found that in 984 grownups, 24% away from drinking habits originates from products . There is a keen unequivocal need certainly to then advanced in these findings, elucidating brand new contribution off products to full time intake and you may balance.
